周末闲来无事,想要研究一下注解方面的知识,曾经看过几次,都忘记了,这次学习下,而且写篇文章记录下,
1、元注解
元注解是指注解的注解。包含 @Retention @Target @Document @Inherited四种。 1.1、@Retention: 定义注解的保留策略 Java代码 复制代码代码例如以下: @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE) //注解仅存在于源代码中,在class字节码文件里不包括 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS) //默认的保留策略,注解会在class字节码文件里存在,但执行时无法获得, @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)//注解会在class字节码文件里存在,在执行时能够通过反射获取到 1.2、@Target:定义注解的作用目标 Java代码 复制代码代码例如以下: @Target(ElementType.TYPE) //接口、类、枚举、注解 @Target(ElementType.FIELD) //字段、枚举的常量 @Target(ElementType.METHOD) //方法 @Target(ElementType.PARAMETER) //方法參数 @Target(ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR) //构造函数 @Target(ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE)//局部变量 @Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE)//注解 @Target(ElementType.PACKAGE) ///包 elementType 能够有多个,一个注解能够为类的,方法的,字段的等等 1.3、@Document:说明该注解将被包括在javadoc中 1.4、@Inherited:说明子类能够继承父类中的该注解2、注解的自己定义
Java代码 复制代码 代码例如以下:@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Target(ElementType.METHOD) public @interface HelloWorld { public String name() default ""; }3、注解的使用,測试类 Java代码 复制代码 代码例如以下:
public class SayHello { @HelloWorld(name = " 小明 ") public void sayHello(String name) { System.out.println(name + "say hello world!"); }//www.heatpress123.net }4、解析注解 java的反射机制能够帮助,得到注解,代码例如以下: Java代码 复制代码 代码例如以下:
public class AnnTest { public void parseMethod(Class clazz) { Object obj; try { // 通过默认构造方法创建一个新的对象 obj = clazz.getConstructor(new Class[] {}).newInstance( new Object[] {}); for (Method method : clazz.getDeclaredMethods()) { HelloWorld say = method.getAnnotation(HelloWorld.class); String name = ""; if (say != null) { name = say.name(); System.out.println(name); method.invoke(obj, name); } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { AnnTest t = new AnnTest(); t.parseMethod(SayHello.class); } }看到了,非常easy吧,看了java编程思想里面有个复杂点的样例,我们来温习一遍,他是用注解实现一个创建数据库的样例。
先写一个数据库名字的注解,用来读取数据库的名字:
package com.bin.annotation;import java.lang.annotation.*;@Target(ElementType.TYPE)@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)public @interface DBTable { public String name() default"";}创建一个integer类型的字段:
package com.bin.annotation;import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;import java.lang.annotation.Retention;import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;import java.lang.annotation.Target;@Target(ElementType.FIELD)@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)public @interface SQLInteger { String name() default""; //默觉得空 Constraints constraints() default @Constraints; //字段的其它类型定义}创建一个String 类型的字段:
package com.bin.annotation;import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;import java.lang.annotation.Retention;import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;import java.lang.annotation.Target;@Target(ElementType.FIELD)@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)public @interface SQLString { int value() default 0; String name() default ""; Constraints constraints() default @Constraints;}一些其它定义
package com.bin.annotation;import java.lang.annotation.*;@Target(ElementType.FIELD)@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)public @interface Constraints { boolean primaryKey() default false; boolean allowNull() default true; boolean unique() default false;}创建一个注解的bean
package com.bin.annotation;@DBTable(name="MEMBER")public class Member {@SQLString(30)String firstName;@SQLString(50) String lastName;@SQLInteger Integer age;@SQLString(value=30,constraints=@Constraints(primaryKey=true))String handle;static int memberCount;public String toString(){return handle.toString();}public String getFirstName() { return firstName;}public void setFirstName(String firstName) { this.firstName = firstName;}public String getLastName() { return lastName;}public void setLastName(String lastName) { this.lastName = lastName;}public Integer getAge() { return age;}public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age;}public String getHandle() { return handle;}public void setHandle(String handle) { this.handle = handle;}}
最后让我们解析这个注解吧:
package com.bin.annotation;import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;import java.lang.reflect.Field;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;public class TableCreator { public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException{ Class cl =Member.class; DBTable dbtalbe=cl.getAnnotation(DBTable.class); String tableName = dbtalbe.name(); if(tableName.length() <1) tableName=cl.getName().toUpperCase(); ListcolumnDefs = new ArrayList (); for(Field filed : cl.getDeclaredFields()){ String columnName = null; Annotation[] anns = filed.getDeclaredAnnotations(); if(anns.length < 1) continue; if(anns[0] instanceof SQLInteger){ SQLInteger sInt = (SQLInteger)anns[0]; if(sInt.name().length() < 1) columnName = filed.getName().toUpperCase(); else columnName = sInt.name(); columnDefs.add(columnName + " INT " + getConstraints(sInt.constraints())); } if(anns[0] instanceof SQLString){ SQLString sString =(SQLString) anns[0]; if(sString.name().length() <1){ columnName = filed.getName().toUpperCase(); }else columnName =sString.name(); columnDefs.add(columnName + " VARCHAR("+sString.value()+") " +getConstraints(sString.constraints())); } } StringBuilder createCommand = new StringBuilder("CREATE TABLE" +tableName + "("); for(String columnDef : columnDefs) createCommand.append("\n "+columnDef+ ","); String tableCreate = createCommand.substring(0,createCommand.length()-1)+"\n );"; System.out.print(tableCreate); } private static String getConstraints(Constraints con){ String constraints = ""; if(!con.allowNull()){ constraints +="NOT NULL"; } if(!con.primaryKey()){ constraints +="PRIMARY KEY"; } if(!con.unique()){ constraints +="UNIQUE"; } return constraints; }}